At the end of the sixties the Eurocard size with indirect plug-in was developed especially for industrial applications. Since then it was invariably used. It provides the setup of finely modular systems, simple extensibility in the field, outstanding mechanical resistance even in situations of shock and vibration, and best maintainability. Systems such as SMP16 and VME are using those advantages even after decades.
The second important advantage is somewhat hidden, but essential for the functioning over a long period of time. Eurocards are indirectly interconnected via a gas-proof connector in which every signal is connected by a pin/socket combination. This connection can be compared to a connector in a power outlet. Thus, this plug-in contact is vibration and acceleration resistant, gas-proof, and therefore protected against ambient air. The contacts made of gold cannot contaminate and corrode. Today, the demand for safe contacts is indispensable because of predominating low voltages and currents as well as high signal frequencies.
In contrast to that PCs are equipped with a direct plug-in-mount. Prongs are directly fixed on the motherboard, without additional connectors. Springs in a receptacle are pressed on those prongs. In most cases PC cards need front and rear prongs. During accelerations or decelerations (or vibrations with both) one spring relaxes while the other is tightened. It is easy to produce minor failures.
If the system is not mechanically stressed, dust and humidity will cause corrosion on prongs and springs. There is no danger of corrosion as long as the card is fixed: The direct plug-in is still gas-proof at the contact prong (gold) / contact spring (beryllium gold). Problems only arise if the plug-in card is disconnected after a long time. A new one needs to be inserted or similar changes of the “well-rehearsed” prong/spring team are necessary. You surely know: Never touch a running system. However, in case of Compact PCI systems with indirect plug-in mount this is possible, even after many years.
Experts assure that the mechanics and connectors are the preconditions for industrial computers. In addition, various safety and diagnostic features (Watchdog, voltage and temperature monitoring, alarm outputs, light-emitting diodes LED), EMC resistance and immunity as well as electrical separation also belong to modules for industrial application. |